FOOD JUNK: Polysorbate 80, Emulsifiers in Foods and Vaccines Altering Gun Microbes Causing Inflammatory Conditions

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Title : FOOD JUNK: Polysorbate 80, Emulsifiers in Foods and Vaccines Altering Gun Microbes Causing Inflammatory Conditions
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FOOD JUNK: Polysorbate 80, Emulsifiers in Foods and Vaccines Altering Gun Microbes Causing Inflammatory Conditions

Prevent Disease | Aug 16, 2017 | Mae Chan

First Published in March 2015
© Prevent Disease
Polysorbate 80 and other emulsifiers commonly found in pharmaceuticals, vaccines, cosmetics and many foods have been found to negatively affect the immune system and affect fertility. Researchers writing in Nature have now found they are also altering our gut microbiota composition and driving metabolic changes that lead to inflammatory conditions and obesity.

While it has been long suggested that gut microbiota disturbances are involved in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), obesity and metabolic syndrome, the new findings suggest emulsifiers might be partially responsible for this disturbance and the increased incidence of these diseases.

The study used mice to test the effect of two common emulsifiers - carboxymethylcellulose and polysorbate-80 - on the microbiome make up and metabolism, finding that relatively low-level concentrations of the emulsifiers resulted in distinct alterations to the gut microbial ecosystem (microbiota) and led to low-grade inflammation and the onset of metabolic syndrome.

Writing in a study in Cell, CU-Boulder Research Associate Dorota Porazinska and doctoral student Sophie Weiss showed how gut bacteria can ameliorate autism-like symptoms.

Interestingly enough it is also an emulsifier used in popular brands of ice cream.

Led by Dr Benoit Chassaing of Georgia State University, the research team reported that the emulsifier-induced metabolic syndrome was associated with microbiota encroachment, altered species composition and increased pro-inflammatory potential.

"These results support the emerging concept that perturbed host-microbiota interactions resulting in low-grade inflammation can promote adiposity and its associated metabolic effects," wrote the team. "Moreover, they suggest that the broad use of emulsifying agents might be contributing to an increased societal incidence of obesity/metabolic syndrome and other chronic inflammatory diseases."

In addition to this study, there have been studies in Food and Chemical Toxicology which showed that Polysorbate 80 causes infertility. Baby female rats were injected with polysorbate 80 at days 4-7 after birth. It accelerated the maturing of the rats and caused changes to the vagina and womb lining, hormonal changes, ovary deformities and degenerative follicles.

According to Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, Volume 95, Number 6, December 2005 , pp. 593-599(7), "it is of current relevance as a 'hidden' inductor of anaphylactoid reactions", and "Polysorbate 80 was identified as the causative agent for the anaphylactoid reaction of nonimmunologic origin in the patient. The study included a pregnant woman who suffered anaphylactic shock after being given a IV drip of multi-vitamins containing polysorbate 80.

Study details

"The dramatic increase in these diseases [IBD, obesity and metabolic syndrome] has occurred despite consistent human genetics, suggesting a pivotal role for an environmental factor," commented Chassaing. "Food interacts intimately with the microbiota so we considered what modern additions to the food supply might possibly make gut bacteria more pro-inflammatory."

Chassaing and his colleagues theorised that emulsifiers might affect the gut microbiota to promote these inflammatory diseases and designed experiments in mice to test this possibility.

Mice were fed two commonly used emulsifiers, polysorbate 80 and carboxymethylcellulsose, at doses seeking to model the broad consumption of the numerous emulsifiers that are incorporated into almost all processed foods, they said.

The team found that emulsifier consumption changed the species composition of the gut microbiota - and did so in a manner that made it more pro-inflammatory.

According to the team, the altered microbiota had enhanced capacity to digest and infiltrate the dense mucus layer that lines the intestine, which is normally, largely devoid of bacteria.

In addition, alterations in bacterial species resulted in bacteria expressing more flagellin and lipopolysaccharide, which can activate pro-inflammatory gene expression by the immune system, said Chassaing and colleagues.

Immune response

These changes in bacterial expression triggered chronic colitis in mice genetically prone to this disorder, revealed the team.

In contrast, in mice with normal immune systems, emulsifiers induced low-grade or mild intestinal inflammation and metabolic syndrome, characterized by increased levels of food consumption, obesity, hyperglycemia and insulin resistance.

However, the effects of emulsifier consumption were eliminated in germ-free mice, which lack a microbiota, said the team. Who also showed that transplant of the microbiota from emulsifiers-treated mice to germ-free mice was enough to transfer some parameters of low-grade inflammation and metabolic syndrome.

Chassaing and his team said this indicates that the microbiota has a 'central role' in mediating the adverse effect of emulsifiers.

The team is now testing additional emulsifiers and designing experiments to investigate how emulsifiers affect humans.

If similar results are obtained, it would indicate a role for the food additive in driving the epidemic of obesity, its inter-related consequences and a range of diseases associated with chronic gut inflammation, said the authors.

While detailed mechanisms underlying the effect of emulsifiers on metabolism remain under study, Chassaing and co pointed out that avoiding excess food consumption is of paramount importance.

"We do not disagree with the commonly held assumption that over-eating is a central cause of obesity and metabolic syndrome," said Andrew Gewirtz, senior author of the study. "Rather, our findings reinforce the concept suggested by earlier work that low-grade inflammation resulting from an altered microbiota can be an underlying cause of excess eating."

Source:

nature.com

Mae Chan holds degrees in both physiology and nutritional sciences. She is also blogger and and technology enthusiast with a passion for disseminating information about health.

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